The Edo period or Tokugawa period is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate.
The Tokugawa shogunate was officially established in Edo on 24 March 1603 by the shogun Tokogawa leyasu. The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown by the Meij Restoration on 3 May 1868, the fall of Edo and the restoration of Tenno's rule at the reign of fifteenth and last shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu.
(source: Wikipedia)
Object 2010945
Dish
Provenance: Japan, Arita presumably Sarugawa
Dating: Edo early, Manji-Tenwa period (1658-1683)
Dish on footring, flattened rim and a glazed base. Decorated in underglaze blue, Chinese "Kraak" style.
Decorated with a farmer on a bridge herding two sheep or cows. a design influenced by the decor of Chinese T'ien
-ch'i porcelain, which was exported to Japan. The scroll-border around the centre is characteristic of Chinese transitional ware. The reverse is divided into panels and sketchily painted. The border design shows wide and narrow panels filled with Artemisia leaves and flowering stems. Five spur-marks in a
"X"- pattern on the base.
In "Imari-Porzellan am Hofe der Kaiserin Maria Theresia" it is stated that the figure on the dish is most likely to be Tai Gongwang (Jiang Ziya), a politician at the begin of the Zhou-period (11th cent. - 221 BCE). He was spotted when fishing in the river Weisui by the ruler Wen Wang, Tai Gongwang later became his teacher. He served Wen Wang and his son Wu Wang. According to this legend a decoration of a man fishing is most likely to be Tai Gongwang. On this dish the Japanese artist used a theme that Chinese export wares in the early 17th century used.
C.J.A. Jörg states in his "Fine & Curious. Japanese Export Porcelain in Dutch Collections" that this is the best known type of Japanese porcelain imitating a specific Chinese group of dishes with a "kraak" body and a panelled border, but a Transitional decoration dating to 1635-1645.
Japanese dishes of this design are not rare and were made in different sizes. A large example measuring 520 mm (20.47 inch), is in the Topkapi Saray Museum, Istanbul.
For identical decorated dishes see;
- Japans porselein met blauwe decoraties uit de tweede helft van de zeventiende en de eerste helft van de achttiende eeuw, (D.F. Lunsingh Scheurleer, in, Mededelingenblad Nederlandse Vereniging van Vrienden van de Ceramiek, vols. 64/65, 1971), p.60, cat. 26.
- Imari-Porzellan am Hofe der Kaiserin Maria Theresia, exhibition catalogue (Hetjens-Museum, Düsseldorf, 2000), p.45, cat. 6.
- Fine & Curious: Japanese Export Porcelain in Dutch Collections, (C.J.A. Jörg, Hotei Publishing, Amsterdam, 2003), pp.28-29, cat. 8.
Dimensions:
Height: 50 mm (1.97 inch)
Diameter: 274 mm (10.79 inch)
Diameter of footring: 144 mm (5.67 inch)
Condition: A chip to the reverse rim.
References:
Lunsingh Scheurleer 1971, p.60, cat. 26.
Harrisson 1985, p.80, cat. 88.
Düsseldorf 2000, p.45, cat. 6.
Jörg 2003/1, pp.28-29, cat. 9.
Jörg 2011/1, pp.158-159, cat. 47.
Price: Sold.
Object 2010522
Dish
Provenance: Japan, Arita presumably Sarugawa
Dating: Edo early, Manji-Tenwa period (1658-1683)
Dish on footring, flattened rim and a glazed base. Decorated in underglaze blue, Chinese "Kraak" style.
Decorated with a farmer on a bridge herding two sheep or cows. a design influenced by the decor of Chinese T'ien
-ch'i porcelain, which was exported to Japan. The scroll-border around the centre is characteristic of Chinese transitional ware. The reverse is divided into panels and sketchily painted. The border design shows wide and narrow panels filled with Artemisia leaves and flowering stems. Four spur-marks in a
"Y"- pattern on the base.
In "Imari-Porzellan am Hofe der Kaiserin Maria Theresia" it is stated that the figure on the dish is most likely to be Tai Gongwang (Jiang Ziya), a politician at the begin of the Zhou-period (11th cent. - 221 BCE). He was spotted when fishing in the river Weisui by the ruler Wen Wang, Tai Gongwang later became his teacher. He served Wen Wang and his son Wu Wang. According to this legend a decoration of a man fishing is most likely to be Tai Gongwang. On this dish the Japanese artist used a theme that Chinese export wares in the early 17th century used.
C.J.A. Jörg states in his "Fine & Curious. Japanese Export Porcelain in Dutch Collections" that this is the best known type of Japanese porcelain imitating a specific Chinese group of dishes with a "kraak" body and a panelled border, but a Transitional decoration dating to 1635-1645.
Japanese dishes of this design are not rare and were made in different sizes. A large example measuring 520 mm (20.47 inch), is in the Topkapi Saray Museum, Istanbul.
For identical decorated dishes see;
- Japans porselein met blauwe decoraties uit de tweede helft van de zeventiende en de eerste helft van de achttiende eeuw, (D.F. Lunsingh Scheurleer, in, Mededelingenblad Nederlandse Vereniging van Vrienden van de Ceramiek, vols. 64/65, 1971), p.60, cat. 26.
- Imari-Porzellan am Hofe der Kaiserin Maria Theresia, exhibition catalogue (Hetjens-Museum, Düsseldorf, 2000), p.45, cat. 6.
- Fine & Curious: Japanese Export Porcelain in Dutch Collections, (C.J.A. Jörg, Hotei Publishing, Amsterdam, 2003), pp.28-29, cat. 8.
Dimensions:
Height: 30 mm (1.18 inch)
Diameter: 220 mm (8.66 inch)
Diameter of footring: 119 mm (4.69 inch)
Condition: Perfect.
References:
Lunsingh Scheurleer 1971, p.60, cat. 26.
Harrisson 1985, p.80, cat. 88.
Düsseldorf 2000, p.45, cat. 6.
Jörg 2003/1, pp.28-29, cat. 9.
Jörg 2011/1, pp.158-159, cat. 47.
Price: € 499 - $ 694 - £ 434
(the $ and £ prices are approximates and depend on the € price exchange rate)
Object 2010231
Dish
Provenance: Japan, Arita presumably Sarugawa
Dating: Edo early, Manji-Tenwa period (1658-1683)
Dish on footring with an everted rim and
a glazed base. Decorated in underglaze blue in a Chinese "Kraak" style.
On the base one spur-mark. In the centre a decoration of two branches with fruit, one with pomegranates and one with finger-lemon fruit also called "Buddha's-hand citron". The interior wall is divided into panels of stylised peonies and precious objects alternating with narrower panels of florets. The reverse is undecorated.
These dishes were made in different sizes.
For identical decorated dishes see;
- Japans porselein met blauwe decoraties uit de tweede helft van de zeventiende en de eerste helft van de achttiende eeuw, (D.F. Lunsingh Scheurleer, in, Mededelingenblad Nederlandse Vereniging van Vrienden van de Ceramiek, vols. 64/65, 1971), p.54, cat. 8.
- Pronken met Oosters porselein, exhibition catalogue Gemeente Museum Arnhem, (S. Hartog, Waanders, Zwolle 1990), p.128, cat. 153.
- Japanese Export Porcelain. Catalogue of the Collection of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, (O. Impey, Hotei Publishing, Amsterdam, 2002), p.109, cat. 128.
- Fine & Curious: Japanese Export Porcelain in Dutch Collections, (C.J.A. Jörg, Hotei Publishing, Amsterdam 2003), p.28, object 8.
Dimensions:
Height: 38 mm (1.50 inch)
Diameter: 215 mm (8.47 inch)
Diameter of footring: 116 mm (4.57 inch)
Condition: A firing flaw and a 6 mm (0.24 inch) chip to the outer rim.
References:
Lunsingh Scheurleer 1971, p.54, cat. 8.
Price: € 249 - $ 343 - £ 217
(the $ and £ prices are approximates and depend on the € price exchange rate)
Object 2010437
Dish
Provenance: Japan, Arita presumably Sarugawa
Dating: Edo early, Manji-Tenwa period (1658-1683)
Dish on footring with an everted rim and
a glazed base. Decorated in underglaze blue Chinese "Kraak" style.
In the centre a decoration of two branches with fruit, one with pome- granates and one with finger-lemon fruit also called "Buddha's-hand citron". The interior wall is divided into panels of stylised peonies and precious objects alternating with narrower panels of florets. The reverse is undecorated.
These dishes were made in different sizes.
For identical decorated dishes see;
- Japans porselein met blauwe decoraties uit de tweede helft van de zeventiende en de eerste helft van de achttiende eeuw, (D.F. Lunsingh Scheurleer, in, Mededelingenblad Nederlandse Vereniging van Vrienden van de Ceramiek, vols. 64/65, 1971), p.54, cat. 8.
- Pronken met Oosters porselein, exhibition catalogue Gemeente Museum Arnhem, (S. Hartog, Waanders, Zwolle 1990), p.128, cat. 153.
- Japanese Export Porcelain. Catalogue of the Collection of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, (O. Impey, Hotei Publishing, Amsterdam, 2002), p.109, cat. 128.
- Fine & Curious: Japanese Export Porcelain in Dutch Collections, (C.J.A. Jörg, Hotei Publishing, Amsterdam 2003), p.28, object 8.
Dimensions:
Height: 35 mm (1.38 inch)
Diameter: 240 mm (9.45 inch)
Diameter of footring: 123 mm (4.84 inch)
Condition: A 2 mm (0.08 inch) fleabite to the rim.
References:
Lunsingh Scheurleer 1971, p.54, cat. 8.
Price: € 299 - $ 412 - £ 259
(the $ and £ prices are approximates and depend on the € price exchange rate)
Object 2011142
Ewer
Provenance: Japan
Dating: Late 17th century, c.1660-1680
Ewer of ovoid body on spreading foot of "takefushi (bamboo-noded)" shape, cylindrical neck an pierced loop-handle. Decorated in underglaze blue.
On the neck two flowers who bear the well-known "tulip" design, a stylised, symmetrical flower The central section is decorated in a, sketchily drawn, Chinese Transitional style of two figures in a landscape with rocks, clouds, pine and banana trees and other vegetation. Round the foot, on the shoulder and the handle bands with a formal foliate pattern. These foliate bands betray a Dutch Delftware influence.
O. Impey states in his "Japanese Export Porcelain. Catalogue of the Collection of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford" that the Chinese Transitional style was virtually unknown in Japan until it was introduced by the Dutch. Japanese potters were not asked to imitate original Chinese porcelains by the Dutch; instead they were given wooden models which had probably been painted by Delft pottery decorators (though this is undocumented) or earthenware (presumably Delft). It is hardly surprising therefore, that the resultant Japanese essays in Transitional style are far from the original both in design and execution. Many shapes are Chinese, and some are Near Eastern, but others reflect Delft wares or at least Delft variations on a Chinese theme. Most Japanese Transitional style wares are in closed shapes, mugs, jugs, jars and ewers; most Kraak style pieces are in open shapes, plates and bowls.
O. Impey states in his "Japanese Export Porcelain. Catalogue of the Collection of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford" that the piercing on the handles of this and similar shapes is original, and was intended for the silver or other metal mount that would customarily have been added in Europe.
For similar shaped and decorated ewers see:
- Japans porselein met blauwe decoraties uit de tweede helft van de zeventiende en de eerste helft van de achttiende eeuw, (D.F. Lunsingh Scheurleer, in, Mededelingenblad Nederlandse Vereniging van Vrienden van de Ceramiek, 64/65, 1971), p.79, cat. 83.
- Japanese porcelain. A collector's guide to general aspects and decorative motifs, (P.L.W. Arts, Lochem 1983), p.95, Plate 50.
- Japanese Export Porcelain. Catalogue of the Collection of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, (O. Impey, Hotei Publishing, Amsterdam, 2002), p.49, cat. 24.
- Fine & Curious: Japanese Export Porcelain in Dutch Collections, (C.J.A. Jörg, Hotei publishing, Amsterdam, 2003), p.159, cat.178
Dimensions:
Height: 199 mm (7.83 inch)
Diameter: 110 mm (4.33 inch)
Diameter of mouthrim: 28 mm (1.10 inch)
Diameter of footring: 68 mm (2.68 inch)
Condition: Crazing to the glaze round the lower section of the ewer.
References:
Lunsingh Scheurleer 1971, p.108, cat. 172.
Impey 2002, pp.42-49 and p.49, cat. 24.
Price: € 999 - $ 1.300 - £ 864
(the $ and £ prices are approximates and depend on the € price exchange rate)
Object 2011255
Dish
Provenance: Japan
Dating: Edo early period (1658-1683), c. 1660-1690
Dish on footring with a flattened rim and a glazed base. Decorated in underglaze blue.
In the centre decorated with a flower basket on a fenced terrace filled with a flowering peony plant in a circular cartouche. The sides and rim in Chinese Kraak-style with six wide panels filled with bamboo, peony and prunus, separated from each other by narrow panels in blue. The reverse is undecorated. On the base two spur-marks and some adhering kiln-grit.
For an identical decorated dish see;
Dimensions:
Height: 32 mm (1.26 inch)
Diameter: 213 mm (8.39 inch)
Diameter of footring: 108 mm (4.25 inch)
Condition: Perfect.
References:
Lunsingh Scheurleer 1971, p.54, cat. 8.
Price: € 299 - $ 388 - £ 260
(the $ and £ prices are approximates and depend on the € price exchange rate)
Object 2011080
Dish
Provenance: Japan
Dating: Edo early period (1615-1703), c.1670-1700.
Dish on footring with flat spreading rim and a glazed base with four spur-marks in a "Y"-pattern. Decorated in underglaze blue.
In the centre a decoration of flowering chrysanthemums growing from behind a fence and flowering peonies growing from pierced rockwork well enclosed by a triple circle. On the rim a border of large-scale "karakusa" (spiky lotus) design with flowers. The reverse is undecorated.
C.J.A. Jörg states in his "Fine & Curious. Japanese Export Porcelain in Dutch Collections" that although the flowering plants are still reminiscent of those on Chinese "kraak" porcelain, the style of painting, the composition, and in particular the border motif are characteristic of the later 17th-century production when the earlier styles and motifs had been combined into new patterns.
Dimensions:
Height: 47 mm (1.85 inch)
Diameter: 272 mm (10.70 inch)
Diameter of footring: 145 mm (5.71 inch)
Condition: Two firing flaws to the centre.
References:
Lunsingh Scheurleer 1977, pp. 86-87, cat. 253.
Price: € 499 - $ 636 - £ 399
(the $ and £ prices are approximates and depend on the € price exchange rate)
Object 2010616
Dish
Provenance: Japan, Arita presumably Sarugawa
Dating: Edo early, Manji-Tenwa period (1658-1683)
Dish on footring, flattened rim and a glazed base. Decorated in underglaze blue Chinese "Kraak" style.
In the centre a decoration of an insect perched on a rock in a marsh landscape with water, rocks and flowering plants encircled by an eight pointed scalloped medallion. The cavetto is decorated with eight large panels containing peach and auspicious symbols and eight small panels filled with a scale or zig-zag lines pattern and dots. On the exterior wall two spays of flowering branches. Three spur-marks on the base.
On the base a paper label with the text: Blue & White (Sometsuke) ca. 1675. Arita (Japan).
Dimensions:
Height: 38 mm (1.50 inch)
Diameter: 200 mm (7.87 inch)
Diameter of footring: 105 mm (4.13 inch)
Condition: A firing flaw to the footring.
Price: € 349 - $ 468 - £ 298
(the $ and £ prices are approximates and depend on the € price exchange rate)
Object 2010C133
Kendi
Provenance: Japan
Dating: Late 17th century, c.1670-1690
Kendi on a footring, a bulbous spout on the body, cylindrical neck ending in a splayed mouth with overturned rim. Decorated in underglaze blue.
Decorated with a simplified rather sketchily painted river scene with a small pavilion and trees all over the body. On the neck a "tulip" design with dots these dots may have been derived from the small border panels with simplified tassels and dots of late "kraak" pieces. The tulip is reminiscent of Chinese Transitional designs, but with the sketchily rendered river scene both part of the established repertoire of Japanese designs. On the rim a floret between scrolls.
C.J.A. Jörg states in his "Fine & Curious. Japanese Export Porcelain in Dutch Collections", that the kendi is a drinking and pouring vessel widely used in Asia. Its basic shape is a bulbous body, a long neck and a tubular or breast-shaped (mammiform) spout on the shoulder. The kendi has no handle and one holds it by the neck and drinks from the spout. The kendi seems to have evolved from the Indian "kundika" and spread throughout Asia, changing shape and adapting to existing local vessels for similar use. Kendis of Chinese "kraak" porcelain of the first half of the 17th century and Japanese kendis of the second half were part of the Dutch East India Company's (VOC) porcelain assortment for the inter-Asian trade. Apparently, they also reached The Netherlands in small quantities, probably as part of the belongings of retiring VOC employees. They were not used according to their traditional function in The Netherlands, and must only have been decorative items or were filled with flowers as shown on paintings. Kendis were not used in Japan (or China) and were made exclusively for export in Arita from the 1660s. Kendis usually have a smooth body, but Japanese potters frequently made a variety that is vertically ribbed by moulding the piece. Another characteristic of Japanese kendis is the broad overturned mouthrim, seen less often in Chinese pieces.
P.L.W. Arts states in his "Japanese porcelain. A collector's guide to general aspects and decorative motifs" that the gorgelet (Portuguese: gorgoletta) or gendi of the Japanese was originally a drinking vessel in general use everywhere in Asian countries. The porcelain form originated during the Ming period probably from a far older earthenware prototype. Later on, after the habit of tobacco-smoking appeared in Asia at the beginning of the 17th century, it was also used as a nargileh base in many Mohammadan countries. The VOC registers indicate that gendi were made by the Japanese more or less from the beginning, as an imitation of the Chinese examples. In 1669 Begal ordered from Deshima twenty large and small gendi. The biggest market was South East Asia. In 1671 Chinese junks carried a consignment of 700 Japanese-made gendi from Deshima to Batavia and another 600 in the following year.
For similar decorated kendi see:
- Japans porselein met blauwe decoraties uit de tweede helft van de zeventiende en de eerste helft van de achttiende eeuw, (D.F. Lunsingh Scheurleer, in, Mededelingenblad Nederlandse Vereniging van Vrienden van de Ceramiek, vols. 64/65, 1971), p.108, cat. 172.
- Aziatische Ceramiek uit vijf eeuwen, (D.F. Lunsingh Scheurleer, exhibition catalogue of the J.M. van Diepen collection, Fraeylemaborg Slochteren, 1977), p.88, cat. 259.
Dimensions:
Height: 211 mm (8.03 inch)
Diameter: 158 mm (6.22 inch)
Diameter of mouthrim (opening): 35 mm (1.38 inch)
Diameter of footring: 95 mm (3.74 inch)
Condition: A chip to the footring, a firing hairline to the base and a restored spout.
References:
Lunsingh Scheurleer 1971, p.108, cat. 172.
Lunsingh Scheurleer 1977, p.88, cat. 257.
Price: € 799 - $ 980 - £ 624
(the $ and £ prices are approximates and depend on the € price exchange rate
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